% UNESWA Physics department templet 
% Last Updated Oct 20, 2020 
% FOR ASSISTANCE, please send mail to ntzwanei@iuniswa.sz


% DON'T FORGET TO ADD YOUR OWN NAME AND TITLE in the "hyperref" package
% configuration below. THIS INFORMATION GETS EMBEDDED IN THE PDF FINAL PDF DOCUMENT.
% You can view the information if you view Properties of the PDF document.



% -----------------------------------------------------------------------




% --------------------- Start of Document Preamble -----------------------


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\usepackage{ifthen}
\newboolean{PrintVersion}
\setboolean{PrintVersion}{false} 
% CHANGE THIS VALUE TO "true" as necessary, to improve printed results for hard copies
% by overriding some options of the hyperref package below.

%\usepackage{nomencl} % For a nomenclature (optional; available from ctan.org)
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amstext} % Lots of math symbols and environments
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} % For including graphics N.B. pdftex graphics driver 


\usepackage[pdftex,letterpaper=true,pagebackref=false]{hyperref} % with basic options
		% N.B. pagebackref=true provides links back from the References to the body text. This can cause trouble for printing.
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    plainpages=false,       % needed if Roman numbers in frontpages
    pdfpagelabels=true,     % adds page number as label in Acrobat's page count
    bookmarks=true,         % show bookmarks bar?
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    pdftoolbar=true,        % show Acrobat’s toolbar?
    pdfmenubar=true,        % show Acrobat’s menu?
    pdffitwindow=false,     % window fit to page when opened
    pdfstartview={FitH},    % fits the width of the page to the window
    %pdftitle={uWaterloo\ LaTeX\ Thesis\ Template},    % title: CHANGE THIS TEXT!
%    pdfauthor={Author},    % author: CHANGE THIS TEXT! and uncomment this line
%    pdfsubject={Subject},  % subject: CHANGE THIS TEXT! and uncomment this line
%    pdfkeywords={keyword1} {key2} {key3}, % list of keywords, and uncomment this line if desired
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%    colorlinks,%
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% Setting up the page margins...
% UNESWA Physics thesis requirements specify a minimum of 1 inch (72pt) margin at the
% top, bottom, and outside page edges and a 1.125 in. (81pt) gutter
% margin (on binding side). While this is not an issue for electronic
% viewing, a PDF may be printed, and so we have the same page layout for
% both printed and electronic versions, we leave the gutter margin in.
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0pt} % width of margin notes
% N.B. If margin notes are used, you must adjust \textwidth, \marginparwidth
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% edge is less than 15 mm (0.6 in.)
\setlength{\marginparsep}{0pt} % width of space between body text and margin notes
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% when "oneside" printing is selected, and to the left of all odd-numbered
% pages when "twoside" printing is selected
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% side margins as above
\raggedbottom

% The following statement specifies the amount of space between
% paragraphs. Other reasonable specifications are \bigskipamount and \smallskipamount.
\setlength{\parskip}{\medskipamount}

% The following statement controls the line spacing.  The default
% spacing corresponds to good typographic conventions and only slight
% changes (e.g., perhaps "1.2"), if any, should be made.
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1} % this is the default line space setting

% By default, each chapter will start on a recto (right-hand side)
% page.  We also force each section of the front pages to start on 
% a recto page by inserting \cleardoublepage commands.
% In many cases, this will require that the verso page be
% blank and, while it should be counted, a page number should not be
% printed.  The following statements ensure a page number is not
% printed on an otherwise blank verso page.
\let\origdoublepage\cleardoublepage
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\let\cleardoublepage\clearemptydoublepage

%======================================================================
%   L O G I C A L    D O C U M E N T -- the content of your thesis
%======================================================================
\begin{document}


\pagenumbering{roman}

% The contents of the title page are specified in the "titlepage"
% environment.
\begin{titlepage}
        \begin{center}
        \vspace*{1.0cm}

        \Huge
        {\bf Title Title }

        \vspace*{1.0cm}

        \normalsize
        by \\

        \vspace*{1.0cm}

        \Large
        Name Surname \\
		$\,$\\
		Include a picture in the cover if you want to.
        \vspace*{3.0cm}

        \normalsize
        A project report \\
        presented to the University of Eswatini \\ 
        in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of \\
        Bachelor of Science in the Faculty of \\
        Science and Engineering\\
		
        \vspace*{2.0cm}

        UNESWA, Kwaluseni, Eswatini, 2019 \\

        \vspace*{1.0cm}

        \copyright\ Name Surname 2019 \\
        \end{center}
\end{titlepage}

% The rest of the front pages should contain no headers and be numbered using Roman numerals starting with `ii'
\pagestyle{plain}
\setcounter{page}{2}

\cleardoublepage % Ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
% In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.
 


% D E C L A R A T I O N   P A G E
% -------------------------------
  % The following is the sample Delaration Page as provided by the GSO
  % December 13th, 2006.  It is designed for an electronic thesis.
  \noindent
I, the undersigned, Name Surname a student of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE hereby declare the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of ........ of the University of Eswatini.

  \bigskip
  
  \noindent
\textit{This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for any examination.}

  \bigskip
  $\,$
    \bigskip
    $\,$
    \bigskip
    
    $\,$\\
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------\\
  Name Surname\\
  Author\\
  $\,$\\
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------\\
  Supervisor's Name, Ph.D. \\
  Project Supervisor\\
  
  $\,$\\
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------\\
  Date
\cleardoublepage
%\newpage

% A B S T R A C T
% ---------------

\begin{center}\textbf{Abstract}\end{center}

An abstract is absolutely indispensable and should be \textbf{written after everything else is said and done}. It is placed of course before the introduction and should not exceed one page, summing up the most important highlights of the work. 

\cleardoublepage
%\newpage

% A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
% -------------------------------

\begin{center}\textbf{Acknowledgements}\end{center}

I would like to thank all the little people who made this possible.
\cleardoublepage
%\newpage

% D E D I C A T I O N
% -------------------

\begin{center}\textbf{Dedication}\end{center}

This is dedicated to ???.
\cleardoublepage
%\newpage

% T A B L E   O F   C O N T E N T S
% ---------------------------------
\renewcommand\contentsname{Table of Contents}
\tableofcontents
\cleardoublepage
\phantomsection
%\newpage

% L I S T   O F   T A B L E S
% ---------------------------
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Tables}
\listoftables
\cleardoublepage
\phantomsection		% allows hyperref to link to the correct page
%\newpage

% L I S T   O F   F I G U R E S
% -----------------------------
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{List of Figures}
\listoffigures
\cleardoublepage
\phantomsection		% allows hyperref to link to the correct page
%\newpage

% L I S T   O F   S Y M B O L S
% -----------------------------
% To include a Nomenclature section
% \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textbf{Nomenclature}}
% \renewcommand{\nomname}{Nomenclature}
% \printglossary
% \cleardoublepage
% \phantomsection % allows hyperref to link to the correct page
% \newpage

% Change page numbering back to Arabic numerals
\pagenumbering{arabic}


%----------------------------------------------------------------------
% MAIN BODY
%----------------------------------------------------------------------

%======================================================================
\chapter{Introduction}
%======================================================================
The main text starts with an introduction, an opportunity for you to reflect (also for your own benefit) what you wanted to achieve, what you have achieved and what you want to communicate. You simply have to introduce the reader very briefly into your field of research and its significance, lead him to the open problems and questions when you started, sketch the situation you found in your laboratory (which equipment existed, which programmes were ready for use etc.). Then formulate the key goals, indicate which potential solutions were anticipated at the beginning and finally indicate very briefly to which main result your efforts have lead you.

This is how you cite books \cite{goossens.book}, see PHY499.bib where goossens.book is defined.

%----------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Basics and Theory}

Then a chapter with a general description of the field of research follows, usually including the relevant theory. As an example, this could be the basics of the generation of ultrafast laser pulses. The chapter may be substructured in \textit{subsections below}. All fundamental theoretical and experimental tools have to be specified as far as they reflect the knowledge at the beginning of the work. Developments reported later in the literature close to your work should also be included.
When presenting the theoretical foundations one can follow two strategies:
\begin{itemize}
\item Either one develops the relevant theory with pedagogical talent in a comprehensive manner (hopefully profitable for the reader as well) up to a point where the results are really used in later parts of the thesis. One should state clearly at the beginning which sources are used and why one selects such a full presentation (e.g. because there are no good or comprehensive textbooks available).
\item Alternatively one presents only a minimal collection of definitions, formulas and physical explanations which are actually used in later parts of the thesis and refers the reader for details and derivations to the relevant literature.
\end{itemize}

There is no useful compromise between these two approaches. A compromise could only mean: incomplete derivations, jumps from one development step to the next and finally an agglomeration of formulas without connection, only partially needed in later parts of the thesis which nobody can follow or reconstruct.
In summary, in the theory chapter/section one should gather all formulae and theoretical concepts which are later on used in the thesis - and only these. In any case, one should avoid to generate a scattered collection of formulae distributed over the whole thesis without clear connection.

\textbf{Some of these subsections do not need to be subsections for your specific project but can be a paragraph in the introduction.}

Another example of citing, \cite{knuth.book}, \cite{lamport.book}.

\subsection{Background: State of Research}
\subsection{Theoretical Foundations/ Literature Review}
\subsection{Problem Statement}
\subsection{Objectives}
\subsection{Justification/ Significance}
%\subsection{Specific Procedures and Methods}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------



%======================================================================
\chapter{Own Models, Computations/ Methodology (Specific Procedures and Methods)}
Next follows an overview of one's own initial considerations, computations of expected effects, estimated orders of magnitude of signals etc. This should clearly be distinguished from the literature survey as a separate chapter or section, illustrating what was considered or computed, which methods and algorithms were used, which formulas from the theory chapter are the basis of your estimates etc.

Clear diagrams of the outcome and a descriptive physical interpretation are useful. Often a reference to experimental setups and results of test mea- surement to be described later may be useful at this point, although one should be somewhat careful with giving the full story already here.

\section{Experimental setup}
A chapter describing the experimental setup comes next, possibly also de- scribing tests which were carried out before the actual measurement, as well as (if relevant) measuring procedures, evaluation methodology, and a de- scription of how certain parameters were determined (e.g. a procedure for determining a laser beam profile, its power etc.).

If necessary, this chapter can be divided also according to individual sub- subjects which and may be placed as sections in front of various chapters for major groups of physical topics.
At any rate, the experiments are to be described in such a way that one could copy and reconstruct them if necessary. Details of critical components and considerations, which led to this or that particular setup, are to be elaborated on.
It is important that unsuccessful attempts are documented too if one can learn from them. Note, that at this point it is not sufficient to say ''this or that step did not lead to success''. Rather one should describe why and what did not work, which were the detection limits etc.

\chapter{Experimental Measurements (in theoretical work: computation) and Results}
The transition to this chapter may be somewhat floating. It is, however, again mandatory to clearly indicate which are own results of the present work in contrast to data quoted from the literature on which the work relies or to which it compares. A qualitative and if possible quantitative assessment of systematic and statistical errors of the measurements (calculations) have to be communicated here along with experimental data.

\chapter{Discussion of the Results}
Finally a thorough discussion of the results follows. Here a physical under- standing of the observations is to be developed as far as possible - using whenever necessary and illustrative the theoretical framework reported in the earlier chapters. Results of measurement are to be compared (referencing the appropriate formulae and procedures) with it. Results from other groups are to be included into the discussion, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Each discussion should end with a critical evaluation of results obtained.

\chapter{Conclusion and Outlook}
This chapter rounds it all up. Here the main results are to be summarized and a few key theses on the progress achieved are presented (quasi as a counterpart to the objectives listed in the introduction). An evaluation of the potential usefulness of these results and finally some perspectives for future possibilities or desirable further developments of the topic will conclude the text. This chapter too should not exceed 3 to 4 pages.
%======================================================================

%This would be a good place for some figures and tables.
%
%Some notes on figures and photographs\ldots
%
%\begin{itemize}
%\item A well-prepared PDF should be 
%  \begin{enumerate}
%    \item Of reasonable size, {\it i.e.} photos cropped and compressed.
%    \item Scalable, to allow enlargment of text and drawings. 
%  \end{enumerate} 
%\item Photos must be bit maps, and so are not scaleable by definition. TIFF and
%BMP are uncompressed formats, while JPEG is compressed. Most photos can be
%compressed without losing their illustrative value.
%\item Drawings that you make should be scalable vector graphics, \emph{not} 
%bit maps. Some scalable vector file formats are: EPS, SVG, PNG, WMF. These can
%all be converted into PNG or PDF, that pdflatex recognizes. Your drawing 
%package probably can export to one of these formats directly. Otherwise, a 
%common procedure is to print-to-file through a Postscript printer driver to 
%create a PS file, then convert that to EPS (encapsulated PS, which has a 
%bounding box to describe its exact size rather than a whole page). 
%Programs such as GSView (a Ghostscript GUI) can create both EPS and PDF from PS files.
%Appendix~\ref{AppendixA} shows how to generate properly sized Matlab plots and save them as PDF.
%\item It's important to crop your photos and draw your figures to the size that
%you want to appear in your thesis. Scaling photos with the 
%includegraphics command will cause loss of resolution. And scaling down 
%drawings may cause any text annotations to become too small.
%\end{itemize}
% 

%\footnote{
%Note that while it is possible to include hyperlinks to external documents,
%it is not wise to do so, since anything you can't control may change over time. 
%It \emph{would} be appropriate and necessary to provide external links to 
%additional resources for a multimedia ``enhanced'' thesis. 
%But also note that if the \package{hyperref} package is not included, 
%as for the print-optimized option in this thesis template, any \cmmd{href} 
%commands in your logical document are no longer defined.
%A work-around employed by this thesis template is to define a dummy \cmmd{href} 
%command (which does nothing) in the preamble of the document, 
%before the \package{hyperref} package is included. 
%The dummy definition is then redifined by the
%\package{hyperref} package when it is included.
%}
%


% The \appendix statement indicates the beginning of the appendices.
\appendix

% Add a title page before the appendices and a line in the Table of Contents
\chapter*{APPENDICES}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{APPENDICES}
Particularly elaborate calculations and derivations, important or sophisticated computer codes and measuring programmes developed by the author, particular innovative electronic circuits should be moved into appendices. The same holds for all parts of the text, which are understandable and relevant only for the specialist.
%======================================================================
\chapter[PDF Plots From Matlab]{Matlab Code for Making a PDF Plot}
\label{AppendixA}
% Tip 4: Example of how to get a shorter chapter title for the Table of Contents 
%======================================================================
\section{Using the GUI}
Properties of Matab plots can be adjusted from the plot window via a graphical interface. Under the Desktop menu in the Figure window, select the Property Editor. You may also want to check the Plot Browser and Figure Palette for more tools. To adjust properties of the axes, look under the Edit menu and select Axes Properties.

To set the figure size and to save as PDF or other file formats, click the Export Setup button in the figure Property Editor.

\section{From the Command Line} 
All figure properties can also be manipulated from the command line. Here's an example: 
\begin{verbatim}
x=[0:0.1:pi];
hold on % Plot multiple traces on one figure
plot(x,sin(x))
plot(x,cos(x),'--r')
plot(x,tan(x),'.-g')
title('Some Trig Functions Over 0 to \pi') % Note LaTeX markup!
legend('{\it sin}(x)','{\it cos}(x)','{\it tan}(x)')
hold off
set(gca,'Ylim',[-3 3]) % Adjust Y limits of "current axes"
set(gcf,'Units','inches') % Set figure size units of "current figure"
set(gcf,'Position',[0,0,6,4]) % Set figure width (6 in.) and height (4 in.)
cd n:\thesis\plots % Select where to save
print -dpdf plot.pdf % Save as PDF
\end{verbatim}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------
% END MATERIAL
%----------------------------------------------------------------------

% B I B L I O G R A P H Y
% -----------------------

% The following statement selects the style to use for references.  It controls the sort order of the entries in the bibliography and also the formatting for the in-text labels.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
% This specifies the location of the file containing the bibliographic information.  
% It assumes you're using BibTeX (if not, why not?).
\cleardoublepage % This is needed if the book class is used, to place the anchor in the correct page,
                 % because the bibliography will start on its own page.
                 % Use \clearpage instead if the document class uses the "oneside" argument
\phantomsection  % With hyperref package, enables hyperlinking from the table of contents to bibliography             
% The following statement causes the title "References" to be used for the bibliography section:
\renewcommand*{\bibname}{References}

% Add the References to the Table of Contents
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textbf{References}}

\bibliography{PHY499}
% Tip 5: You can create multiple .bib files to organize your references. 
% Just list them all in the \bibliogaphy command, separated by commas (no spaces).

% The following statement causes the specified references to be added to the bibliography% even if they were not 
% cited in the text. The asterisk is a wildcard that causes all entries in the bibliographic database to be included (optional).
\nocite{*}

\end{document}
